Experience of a gastroenterology center in fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of Clostridioides Difficile / Experiência de um centro de gastroenterologia em transplante de microbiota fecal no tratamento de Clostridioides difficile

Background: The treatment of Clostridioides difficile is based on an antibiotics cycle, but for individuals who have more than two recurrences, fecal microbiota transplantation can be considered as a therapeutic option. Objective: To describe the technique and results of fecal microbiota transplantation performed for recurrent infection by Clostridioides difficile. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study based on a review of medical records of patients undergoing transplantation of fecal microbiota. Data were obtained on the criteria used to select the donor, the preparation of stools in the laboratory and the method of delivery of the material offered, as well as information regarding the characteristics of the recipient, such as: gender, age, comorbidities, hospitalizations, use of antibiotics prior to infection, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatments performed for Clostridioides difficile. After transplantation, data on efficacy, outcome, follow-up time and procedure complications were considered. Results: Between 2012 and 2019, 11 patients underwent fecal microbiota transplantation. The use of antibiotics prior to infection occurred in 9 patients, no patient was hospitalized in the previous 6 months due to another etiology. All had at least 2 cycles of vancomycin for recurrent disease. Of the total of 11 patients, 2 required 2 infusions and 1 patient required 3, totaling 15 fecal microbiota transplants. The success rate was 81.8% with only one infusion and 90.9% resolution considering patients who needed more than one infusion. Conclusion: Fecal microbiota transplantation is a feasible therapy with resolution in 90.9% of cases as a treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

Contexto: O tratamento do Clostridioides difficile é baseado em ciclo antimicrobiano, mas para os indivíduos que apresentam mais de duas recorrências, pode-se considerar o transplante de microbiota fecal como opção terapêutica. Objetivo: Descrever a técnica e os resultados do transplante de microbiota fecal realizados para infecção recorrente por Clostridioides difficile. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, baseado em revisão de prontuários de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de microbiota fecal. Foram obtidos dados sobre os critérios empregados para seleção do doador, o preparo das fezes e o método de entrega do material, além de informações referentes às características do receptor, como: sexo, idade, comorbidades, internamentos, uso de antimicrobiano prévio à infecção, apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamentos realizados para o Clostridioides difficile. Após o transplante, dados sobre eficácia, desfecho, tempo de seguimento e complicações do procedimento foram considerados. Resultados: Entre 2012 e 2019, 11 pacientes foram submetidos ao transplante de microbiota fecal. O uso de antimicrobiano prévio à infecção ocorreu em 9 pacientes, nenhum paciente internou nos 6 meses anteriores por outra etiologia. Todos fizeram pelo menos 2 ciclos de vancomicina para doença recorrente. Do total de 11 pacientes, 2 necessitaram de 2 infusões e 1 paciente necessitou de 3, totalizando 15 transplantes de microbiota fecal. O sucesso foi de 81,8% com apenas uma infusão e resolução de 90,9% considerando pacientes que necessitaram de mais de uma infusão. Conclusão: O transplante de microbiota fecal é uma terapia factível e com resolução em 90,9% dos casos como tratamento de infecção recorrente por Clostridioides difficile.

CORRELATION BETWEEN PRE AND POSTOPERATIVE UPPER DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT ROUX-EN-Y GASTROJEJUNAL BYPASS.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric operations have variable range of complications and postoperative benefits. Gastroesophageal reflux is considered potential factor that may result in damage to the esophageal mucosa and this subject is quite controversial in the literature. AIM: To evaluate patients who underwent to Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass correlating epidemiologic and endoscopic findings in pre and postoperative periods. METHOD: A retrospective, paired study which evaluated 110 patients. Inclusion criteria were formal indication for bariatric surgery and patients with pre and postoperative endoscopy. Exclusion criteria were previous bariatric surgery, patients subjected to other types of bariatric surgery and those who had no pre or postoperative upper digestive endoscopy. The epidemiological variables were: sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance, and preoperative dyslipidemia. RESULTS: The preoperative upper endoscopy was normal in 26.4% of the patients. Among endoscopic alterations, the hiatus hernia was the most prevalent followed by non-erosive gastritis. The postoperative upper endoscopy was normal in 40.9% and stenosis was the most prevalent followed by marginal ulcer. Correlation on pre and postoperative endoscopies, was found 100% reduction of hiatal hernias and 88% of esophagitis. There was no statistical significance in relationship to anastomotic stenosis with preoperative other variables. Conclusions . There was significant decrease in postoperative hiatus hernia, erosive esophagitis, non-erosive esophagitis, erosive gastritis and non-erosive gastritis with the operation. Stenosis of the gastrojejunostomy anastomosis was the most prevalent postoperative complication with no correlation with preoperative variables.

Correlation between pre and postoperative upper digestive endoscopy in patients who underwent roux-en-y gastrojejunal bypass / Correlação entre a endoscopia digestiva alta pré e pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gastrojejunal em y-de-roux

Background : Bariatric operations have variable range of complications and postoperative benefits. Gastroesophageal reflux is considered potential factor that may result in damage to the esophageal mucosa and this subject is quite controversial in the literature. Aim: To evaluate patients who underwent to Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass correlating epidemiologic and endoscopic findings in pre and postoperative periods. Method: A retrospective, paired study which evaluated 110 patients. Inclusion criteria were formal indication for bariatric surgery and patients with pre and postoperative endoscopy. Exclusion criteria were previous bariatric surgery, patients subjected to other types of bariatric surgery and those who had no pre or postoperative upper digestive endoscopy. The epidemiological variables were: sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance, and preoperative dyslipidemia. Results: The preoperative upper endoscopy was normal in 26.4% of the patients. Among endoscopic alterations, the hiatus hernia was the most prevalent followed by non-erosive gastritis. The postoperative upper endoscopy was normal in 40.9% and stenosis was the most prevalent followed by marginal ulcer. Correlation on pre and postoperative endoscopies, was found 100% reduction of hiatal hernias and 88% of esophagitis. There was no statistical significance in relationship to anastomotic stenosis with preoperative other variables. Conclusions . There was significant decrease in postoperative hiatus hernia, erosive esophagitis, non-erosive esophagitis, erosive gastritis and non-erosive gastritis with the operation. Stenosis of the gastrojejunostomy anastomosis was the most prevalent postoperative complication with no correlation with preoperative variables.

Racional: As operações bariátricas apresentam gama variável de complicações e benefícios pós-operatórios. O refluxo gastroesofágico é considerado potencial fator que pode produzir lesões na mucosa esofágica e este tema é bastante controverso na literatura. Objetivos: Correlacionar dados epidemiológicos e sua relação com achados endoscópicos no pré e pós-operatórios de pacientes submetidos ao bypass gastrojejunal em Y-de-Roux. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, pareado no qual foram avaliados 110 pacientes. Os critérios de inclusão foram indicação formal à cirurgia bariátrica e possuir endoscopias digestivas altas do pré e pós-operatório. Foram excluídos pacientes submetidos a operações bariátricas prévias; a outros métodos cirúrgicos bariátricos; que não possuíssem endoscopia digestiva alta pré e pós-operatórias. As variáveis epidemiológicas estudadas foram: sexo, idade, IMC, diabete melito tipo 2 ou tolerância à glicose diminuída, e dislipidemia no pré-operatório. Resultados: O sexo feminino foi prevalente em 73,6% da amostra, a idade média de 37,3 anos; o IMC foi de 40,3 kg/m2. O diabete melito tipo 2 ou tolerância à glicose diminuída foi diagnosticada em 38,2% dos pacientes e a dislipidemia em 53,6%. A endoscopia digestiva alta pré-operatória foi normal em 26,4%. A hérnia de hiato foi alteração mais prevalente, seguida pela gastrite não erosiva. No pós-operatório a endoscopia foi normal em 40,9%, a estenose da anastomose gastrojejunal foi a alteração mais prevalente, seguida da úlcera marginal. Correlacionando-se as endoscopias pré e pós-operatórias encontrou-se redução de 100% das hérnias de hiato e 88% das esofagites. As demais variáveis não apresentaram significância estatística. Conclusões: A correlação entre os achados pré e pós-operatórios das endoscopias digestivas altas indicou diminuição no pós-operatório de hérnia hiatal, esofagite erosiva, esofagite não erosiva, gastrite erosiva e gastrite não erosiva. A estenose da anastomose gastrojejunal foi a complicação pós-operatória mais prevalente sem correlação com as variáveis pré-operatórias estudadas.